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CRAFT TECHNOLOGY OF LIGHT BEER

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UDC 663.4   DOI: https://doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2019(32)09
Maryna BOIKO,
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ORCID: 0000-0002-7285-1360		   PhD in Technical Sciences, Assistant at the Department of Foodstuff Expertise, National University of Food Technologies  
68, Volodymyrska str., Kyiv, Ukraine, 01033

CRAFT TECHNOLOGY OF LIGHT BEER 

Background. For today, craft brewing technologies in the brewing industry are spreading in Ukraine, mini-breweries are actively developing, which are set up to develop and implement exclusive technologies and recipes using natural vegetable raw materials.
The aim of the work is light craft beer technology with the addition of dry ground orange peel.
Materials and methods. The object of the study is a light beer with the addition of dry ground orange peel.
Samples of beer wort were prepared according to the approved patent of the author to an initial dry matter concentration of 11 %. The wort was fermented with pure yeast culture of Saccharomycés cerevisiae P-96 at 13–14 оC for 7 days. Pure malt wort was used as a control. During the fermentation, extra powdered orange peels with a particle size of d = 0.1–1.5 mm in the amount of 5–20 g per 100 cm3 of beer were added, which were pre-dried at 80 оC to constant weight in the oven. After preparation, the beer was filtered.
The quality of beer samples was investigated according to DSTU 3888: 2015.
Results. From the obtained characteristics of organoleptic indicators it was revealed that the addition of 10 and 15 % of dry ground orange peels have a positive effect on the quality of the drink. Beer acquires enough expressed citrus taste and aroma.
The results of the physico-chemical parameters prove that all the samples tested in terms of acidity were in compliance with the standard, the color of the beer is according to variants No. 2, 3 and 4 (with the addition of 5, 10 and 15 % of dry ground orange peels).
The content of vitamin C in the tested beer samples is absolutely insignificant (0.25–0.36 mg/100 g) because as it is known that the physiological average daily rate for a person ranges from 70 to 100 mg/100 g.
Conclusion. It is established that the addition of dry ground orange peels in the manufacture of light beer improves the taste and aromatic properties of the drink, gives it new original colors of taste and aroma. It is proved that the best variants of beer were the samples with the addition of 10 and 15 % of dry ground orange peels during the fermentation.
 
Keywords: beer, orange peels, сraft technology. 

REFERENCES 

  1. Kuchynskaja, A. M. (2013). Naukovi zasady vyboru roslynnoi' syrovyny dlja pidvyshhennja harchovoi' cinnosti pyva [Scientific principles of selection of vegetable raw materials for increasing the nutritional value of beer]. Visnyk Chernigivs'kogo derzhavnogo tehnologichnogo universytetu. Serija: Tehnichni nauky – Bulletin of Chernihiv State Technological University. Series: Technical Sciences, 3, 264-273. Retrieved from http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Vcndtn_2013_3_41 [in Ukrainian].
  2. Tatar, L. V. (2019). Formuvannja jakosti pyva z dodavannjam netradycijnoi' roslynnoi' syrovyny [Formation of beer quality with the addition of non-traditional vegetable raw materials]. Extended abstract of candidate`s thesis. Harkiv [in Ukrainian].
  3. Libus', T. (2015). Osnovni tendencii' rozvytku rynku vitchyznjanogo pyvovarinnja [The main trends in the development of the domestic brewing market]. Proceedings of the VIII All-Ukrainian scientific and technical conference. Ternopil': Ternopil's'kyj nacional'nyj tehnichnyj universytet imeni I. Puljuja. (Vol. 2), (pp. 8-9) [in Ukrainian].
  4. Ermolaeva, G. A. (2004). Spravochnik rabotnika laboratorij pivovarennogo predprijatija [The employee handbook of Brewery laboratories]. Saint Petersburg: Professija [in Russian].
  5. Stabilizirujushhaja tehnologicheskaja dobavka budushhogo: Gallotaniny [The stabilizing technology supplement of the future: Gallotannins]. (2012). Proceedings of VLB Moscow Conference "Colloidal stability now". Moscow [in Russian].
  6. Danilova, L. A. at al. (2013). Vpliv dobavok antioksidantіv z roslinnoї sirovini na procesi koaguljacії bіlkіv pri kipjatіnnі susla [The influence of additives of antioxidants from vegetable raw materials on the processes of protein coagulation in boiling wort]. Proceedings from: 21 Mizhnarodna naukovo-praktychna Konferentsiia "Informacijni tehnologii': nauka, tehnika, tehnologija, osvita, zdorov’ja" (MicroCAD-2013) – 21 International scientific and practical Conference on "Information technologies: science, technics, technology, education, health" (MicroCAD-2013). (pp. 294). Harkiv: NTU "HPI" [in Ukrainian].
  7. Sposib vygotovlennja svitlogo pyvnogo susla z dodavannjam suhyh podribnenyh shkirok apel'syna (2019). [A method of making a light beer wort with the addition of dry ground orange peels]. Patent UA, № u 201812380 [in Ukrainian].
  8. Pyvo. Zagal'ni tehnichni umovy [Beer. General specifications]. (2015). DSTU 3888:2015. Kyi'v: Derzhspozhyvstandart Ukrai'ny [in Ukrainian].
  9. Pyvo. Metody vyznachennja kyslotnosti [Beer. Methods for determining acidity]. (2007). DSTU 4852–2007. Kyi'v: Derzhspozhyvstandart Ukrai'ny [in Ukrainian].
  10. Pyvo. Metody vyznachennja kol'oru [Beer. Methods for determining color]. (2007). DSTU 4851–2007. Kyi'v: Derzhspozhyvstandart Ukrai'ny [in Ukrainian].
  11. Cavina, Ju. S. Kil'kisne ta jakisne vyznachennja askorbinovoi' kysloty [Quantitative and qualitative determination of ascorbic acid]. Retrieved from https://er.knutd.edu.ua/ bitstream/123456789/9312/1/NRMSE2017_V1_P588-589.pdf  [in Ukrainian].
 

FORMATION OF CONSUMPTION PROPERTIES OF FISH SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS WITH THE ADDITION OF SHRIMP

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UDC 608.34:637.56   DOI: https://doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2019(32)08
Olena SYDORENKO,
 
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ORCID: 0000-0001-5919-4370		   Doctor of Sciences (Technical), Professor at the Department
of Commodity Science, Safety and Quality Management,
Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
19, Kyoto str., Kyiv, 02156, Ukraine
     
Olena PETROVA,
 
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ORCID: 0000-0001-6707-2787		   Postgraduate student at the Department of Commodity Science,
Safety and Quality Management,
Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
19, Kyoto str., Kyiv, 02156, Ukraine

FORMATION OF CONSUMPTION PROPERTIES
OF FISH SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS WITH THE ADDITION OF SHRIMP 

Background. The Azov and Black Seas remain industrially significant sources of natural biological input for Ukraine. Studies of the morphometric characteristics and safety indices of the shrimps of the Azov-Black Sea area have shown the potential of this raw material for complex processing and food use.
The aim of the work is to develop the recipe and justify the technology of fish semi-finished products (dumplings) with the addition of shrimp Palaemon adspersus.
Materials and methods. Object of the study – semi-finished products (dumplings) from shrimp Palaemon adspersus coastal catch (September – October 2019, Lazurne village, Kherson region) and minced fish ice cream from the Azov-Black Sea goby (LLC "BARK", Berdiansk, Zaporizhzhya region) by the standard of organization of Ukraine (SOU) 15.2-37-37472282-787: 2011.
Sampling and preparation of samples for research were carried out according to GOST 7636-85, organoleptic parameters of shrimps and minced of them according to GOST 7631–85 and DSTU 4440: 2005, the energy value of raw materials and semi-finished products was calculated by their chemical composition.
Results. Stuffing formulations of Azov-Black Sea goby and Palaemon adspersus shrimp meat in 2:1 and 10:3 proportions were developed. In addition, in other variants of the experiment it was used the powder of meat or whole cooked and frozen shrimp. The dough is made from drinking water, wheat flour and salt.
Samples with the addition of Palaemon adspersus shrimp meat have the best organoleptic characteristics: the gentle consistency of the minced meat, the taste and smell of the shrimp, easily expressed.
For samples with the addition of meat powder and whole shrimp, it should be noted the dryness of the minced meat, the strong taste and the aroma of the semi-finished product. These studies are the basis for adjusting the proportions of meat powder and whole shrimp Palaemon adspersus in the formulations of ravioli and other semi-finished products.
The results of calculating the energy value of the studied dumplings samples revealed the absolute identity of the dumplings calorie at 216.5 kcal/100 g.
Conclusion. Formulations of fish semi-finished products (dumplings) with the addition of minced or powdered meat or whole cooked and frozen shrimp were developed.
The organoleptic evaluation of the studied samples revealed the best properties of dumplings with stuffing from cooked and frozen shrimp against those with powder.
The energy value of ready-made dumplings with the addition of Palaemon adspersusshrimp in all the investigated variants was slightly higher than 216 kcal/100 g.
 
Keywords: shrimp Palaemon adspersus, fish semi-finished products, quality forming, technology. 

REFERENCES 

  1. Chashhyn, O. K. (2016). Chornomors'ki krevetky ta i'h promysel. Naukovo-tehnichne zabezpechennja udoskonalennja shljahiv ta metodiv vedennja rybnogo gospodarstva v suchasnyh umovah [Black Sea shrimps and their fishery. Scientific and technical support for improving the ways and methods of fisheries in modern conditions]. Proceedings of scientific-practical seminar from 9 June 2016 during the FishExpo-2016 Exhibition. (pp. 34-41). Київ. Retrieved from http://darg.gov.ua/files/6/zbirnyk16.pdf [in Ukrainian].
  2. Boltachev, A. R., Statkevich, S. V., Karpova, E. P., & Hutorenko, I. V. (2017). Chernomorskaja travjanaja krevetka Palaemon adspersus (Decapoda, Palaemonidae): biologija, promysel, problemy [Black Sea herbal shrimp Palaemon adspersus (Decapoda, Palaemonidae): biology, fishery, problems]. Voprosy rybolovstva – Problems offisheries. (Vol. 18), 3. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319204279_cernomorskaa_travanaa_krevetka_ palaemon_adspersus_decapoda_palaemonidae_biologia_promysel_problemy_black_sea_grass_prawn_palaemon_ adspersus_decapoda_palaemonidae_biology_fisheries_and_problems [in Russian].
  3. Sydorenko, O., Petrova, O., & Ivanjuta, A. (2018). Krevetka Palaemon adspersus: racional'ni naprjamy pererobky [Palaemon adspersus shrimp: rational processing directions]. Mizhnarodnyj naukovo-praktychnyj zhurnal "Tovary i rynky" – International scientific and practical journal "Commodities and Markets", 4 (28), 94-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2018(28)09 [in Ukrainian].
  4. Sydorenko, O. V., Romanenko, O. V., & Petrova, O. O. (2019). Strukturno-mehanichni parametry jakosti krevetky Palaemon adspersus [Structural and mechanical parameters of shrimp Palaemon adspersus quality]. Visnyk L'vivs'kogo torgovel'no-ekonomichnogo universytetu – Herald of Lviv Trade and Economic University, 22, 38-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36477/2522-1221-2019-22-07 [in Ukrainian].
  5. Cjujn, V., Van, Ch., Juan', I., Chzhan, S., Juan', Ju., & Van, B. Sposob prigotovlenija krevetochnogo sousa s ispol'zovaniem celoj krevetki v kachestve syr'ja [A method of preparing shrimp sauce using whole shrimp as a raw material]. Retrieved from https://findpatent.ru/patent/261/2615468.html [in Russian].
  6. Jarochkin, A. P., Blinov, Ju. G., & Spicyn, I. A. Tehnologicheskaja linija dlja poluchenija ochishhennogo mjasa iz melkih krevetok [Technological line for obtaining peeled shrimp meat]. Retrieved from https://findpatent.ru/patent/256/2560065.html [in Russian].
  7. Jarochkin, A. P., Timchishina, G. N., Blinov, Ju. G., Spicyn, I. A., Bashtovoj, A. N., & Vigovskaja, I. M. Sposob poluchenija pishhevogo belkovogo produkta iz krevetki [The method of obtaining food protein product from shrimp]. Retrieved from http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/255/2554994.html [in Russian].
  8. Ryba, morskie mlekopitajushhie, morskie bespozvonochnye i produkty ih pererabotki [Fish, marine mammals, marine invertebrates and products of their processing. Analysis methods]. (1985). GOST 7636–85. Мoscow: Standartinform [in Russian].
  9. Napivfabrykaty m’jasni ta m’jaso-roslynni posicheni. Tehnichni umovy [Semi-finished meat and chopped meat-and-vegetable plants. Specifications]. (2006). DSTU 4437:2005. Kyi'v: Derzhspozhyvstandart Ukrai'ny [in Ukrainian].
  10. Tablycja kalorijnosti produktiv [Calorie table of products]. Retrieved from http://www.freshfactory.ua/calories_table  [in Ukrainian].
  11. Piddubnyj, V. A., Mazaraki, A. A., Prytul's'ka, N. V., Kravchenko, M. F., & Fedorova D. V. (2015). Innovacii' v harchovyh tehnologijah [Innovations in food technologies]. V. A. Piddubnyj (Ed.). Kyi'v: Kondor-Vydavnyctvo [in Ukrainian].

FIBER ACTIVATED CARBON MULTIPURPOSE MATERIAL

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UDC 620.3   DOI: https://doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2019(32)07
Victor KUDRIACHENKO,
 
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ORCID: 0000-0003-2908-2663		   PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor at the
Department of Engineeringand Technical Disciplines,
Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
19, Kyoto str., Kyiv, 02156, Ukraine
     
Oleksandr KOLOSOV,
 
E-maіl: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8939-0591		   Doctor of Sciences (Technical), Professor at the Doctor of Sciences (Technical), Professor at the National Technical University of Ukraine
"Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"
37, Prosp. Peremohy, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03056
     
Liliya MAZUR,
 
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ORCID: 0000-0001-7436-6003		   Candidate of Architecture, Associate Professor
at the Department of Engineering and Technical Disciplines,
Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
19, Kyoto str., Kyiv, 02156, Ukraine

FIBER ACTIVATED CARBON MULTIPURPOSE MATERIAL 

Background. Carbon sorbents, in particular fibrous activated carbon materials (FACM), play an important role for the prevention of environmental pollution. Their use is equally important to enhance health care, improve the energy sector, recover and reuse wastewater and combat existing pollution. Carbon sorbents are characterized by a high surface to mass ratio (specific surface area). Due to this, they are much higher than traditional activated carbon by efficiency.
The aim of the work is to develop a technology for obtaining FACM with high sorption capacity for benzene at technically permissible degree of combustion of activated polymer fibers.
Materials and methods. The obtained carbon activated fiber was investigated for sorption activity on benzene, its porosity was determined by electron microscopy, low-angle X-ray scattering, total pore volume by isopyestric method (isothermal distillation) in water, ethyl alcohol and benzene. The oxidation of the material is determined by the amount of potassium permanganate recovered in the neutral solution. The surface density of polymer fibers (g/cm2) and their specific surface area (m2/g) was determined according to GOST R 58062–2018.
Results. To prove the possibility of industrial use of the developed material, a comparison of the properties of known sorption fibrous carbon materials and the material according to the invention obtained in various variants of its implementation.
The developed FACM exceeds the known materials by 2.0–2.2 times the sorption capacity for benzene and by 200–700 m2/g by the values of the specific surface. The study revealed that the highest treatment temperature of 1000 °C in the preparation of developed FACM complies with the highest values of sorption capacity (2.4 cm3/g) and specific surface area (3000 m2/g), and the degree of burning of activated polymer fibers is 55 %. At the same time, the surface density of the polymer fibers of the developed FACM is the lowest and 1.8–4.2 times lower among the presented activated carbon materials. At the same time, for the developed FACM for the lowest surface density of polymer fibers (50 g/cm2), the maximum specific surface area (3000 m2/g) is inherent.
Conclusion. A new fibrous activated carbon material with high sorption capacity for benzene at technically permissible degree of combustion of activated polymer fibers has been developed. The material can be used in the purification of liquid and gaseous media from unwanted impurities, for use in the electrical industry, as well as for medical purposes.

Keywords: fiber, carbon, activation, sorption. 

REFERENCES 

  1. Halysh, V., Sevastyanova, O., Riazanova, A. V., Pasalskiy, B., Budnyak, T., Lindström, M. E. et al. (2018). Walnut shells as a potential low-cost lignocellulosic sorbent for dyes and metal ions. Cellulose. (Vol. 25). (Iss. 8). P. 4729-4742. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1896-y [in English].
  2. Galysh, V., Chykun, N., & Pasal's'kyj, B. (2018). Corbcijni vlastyvosti shkaralupy kistochok abrykosa [Sorption properties of apricot kernels]. Mizhnarodnyj naukovo-praktychnyj zhurnal "Tovary i rynky" – International scientific and practical journal "Commodities and Markets", 2 (26), 46-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31617/ tr.knute.2018(26)05 [in Ukrainian].
  3. Galysh, V., Pasal's'kyj, B., & Sevast'janova, O. (2017). Vysokoefektyvni sorbenty z produktiv pererobky sil's'kogospodars'koi' syrovyny [Highly effective sorbents from agricultural raw materials processing]. Mizhnarodnyj naukovo-praktychnyj zhurnal "Tovary i rynky" – International scientific and practical journal "Commodities and Markets", 1 (23), 80-89 [in Ukrainian].
  4. Chykyn, N., Sevastyanova, O., & Pasalskiy, B. (2016). The sorption of ions heavy metals by technical lignins. Mizhnarodnyj naukovo-praktychnyj zhurnal "Tovary i rynky" – International scientific and practical journal "Commodities and Markets", 1 (21), 235-243 [in Ukrainian].
  5. Chykun, N., Pasal's'kyj, B., & Puzij, O. (2015). Efektyvnist' vitchyznjanyh adsorbentiv pry ochyshhenni vody vid joniv Ferumu (III) [The effectiveness of domestic adsorbents in the purification of water from Ferum (III) ions]. Mizhnarodnyj naukovo-praktychnyj zhurnal "Tovary i rynky" – International scientific and practical journal "Commodities and Markets", 1 (19), 170-174 [in Ukrainian].
  6. Puzij, O., Pasal's'kyj, B., & Chykun, N. (2014). Fosforovmisni vuglecevi sorbenty dlja ochystky vody [Phosphorous carbon sorbents for water purification]. Mizhnarodnyj naukovo-praktychnyj zhurnal "Tovary i rynky" – International scientific and practical journal "Commodities and Markets", 1 (17),159-166 [in Ukrainian]. 
  7. Zhai, Y., Dou, Y., Zhao, D., Fulvio, P. F., Mayes, R. T., & Dai, S. (2011). Carbon materials for chemical capacitive energy storage. Advanced Materials. (Vol. 23 (42), (pp. 4828). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201100984 [in English].
  8. Nakagawa, H., Shudo, A., & Miura, K. (2000). High-Capacity Electric Double-Layer Capacitor with High-Density-Activated Carbon Fiber Electrodes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. (Vol. 147). (Iss. 1), (pp. 38). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393154 [in English].
  9. Spravochnik himika 21. Himija i himicheskie tehnologii. Izopiesticheskie metody [Handbook of a chemist 21. Chemistry and chemical technologies. Isopiestic methods]. Retrieved from https://chem21.info/info/79954 [in Russian].
  10. Nabyvanec', B. I., Suhan, V. V., & Kalabina, L. V. (1996). Analitychna himija pryrodnogo seredovyshha [Analytical chemistry of the natural environment]. Kyi'v: Lybid' [in Ukrainian].
  11. Tkani na osnove uglerodnyh volokon. Tehnicheskie trebovanija i metody ispytanij [Fabrics based on carbon fibers. Technical requirements and test methods]. (2018). GOST Р 58062–2018. Moscow: Standartinform [in Russian].
  12. Grigorova, T. K., Karnacevich, L. V., Kolobrodov, V. G., Levikova, L. V., Sergeev, V. P., Litvinov, V. F. et al. Adsorbcionnye harakteristiki aktivirovannyh uglerodnyh voloknistyh materialov tipa AUVM "Dnepr" [Adsorption characteristics of activated carbon fiber materials such as ACFM "Dnepr"]. (1991). Voprosy atomnoj nauki i tehniki. Serija: Jaderno-fizicheskie issledovanija (Teorija i jeksperiment) – Questions of atomic science and technology. Series: Nuclear physics research (Theory and experiment). (Iss. 1 (19), (pp. 9-14) [in Russian].

WATER-DISPERSION PAINTS: THE COMPLEX QUALITY EVALUATION

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UDC 667.633.22:658.562   DOI: https://doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2019(32)06
Taras KARAVAYEV,
 
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ORCID: 0000-0003-4429-2474		   Doctor of Sciences (Technical), Associate Professor,
Professor at the Department of Commodity and Customs Affairs,
Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
19, Kyoto str., Kyiv, 02156, Ukraine
     
Victor OSYKA,
 
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ORCID: 0000-0002-5081-7727		   Doctor of Sciences (Technical), Associate Professor,
Dean of the Faculty of Trade and Marketing,
Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
19, Kyoto str., Kyiv, 02156, Ukraine
     
Oksana ZOLOTAREVA,
 
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2534-3125		   PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor,
Department of Commodity and Customs Affairs,
Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
19, Kyoto str., Kyiv, 02156, Ukraine

WATER-DISPERSION PAINTS: THE COMPLEX QUALITY EVALUATION 

Background. Atthe domestic market of Ukraine there is the wide rangeof water-dispersion paints (WDPs) of different manufacturers the majority of which are paints for interior purpose. They are used for protective and decorative decoration mainly of walls and ceilings of mineral materials, wood and wooden materials, gypsum boards etc. The most important for consumers are the properties of coatings that occur during exploitation.
The aim of the article isto carry out of comprehensive comparative evaluation of the quality of the developed interior WDPs against the WDPs-analogues presented at the Ukrainian market.
Materials and methods. Object of research is WDPs that have been developed by us and domestic manufacturers and presented on the Ukrainian market, interior WDPs and obtained coatings. The research was carried out mainly by using standardized methods. The WDPs integrated quality index (IQI) calculation was carried out by the method of qualimetric evaluation of the coatings operational properties, which are crucial for consumers.
Results. The absolute values of the operational properties of interior WDPs coatings were obtained during the first stage, according to the following indicators: resistance to wet abrasion (reduce of coating thickness), microns; adhesion by cross cut test, points; boundary angle of wetting by water, deg.; elasticity, mm; tensile strength of the film, MPa; whiteness by Berger, units; yellowness index according to ASTM E313; gloss at the angle of 85°, units.
It is established that the IQI for the WDPs developed by us according to the performance properties of coatings is twice higher and more than the WDPs analogues samples.
In group 1 (Resistant to repeated wet abrasion, matte, for surfaces with high operational load) the IQI value of the WDP, developed by us (sample 9) was 1.22 which is 1.45–1.56 times higher than the samples 7, 6 and 1 that are presented on the market.
In group 2 (Resistant to repeated wet abrasion with medium gloss) the IQI value of the WDP, developed by us, (sample 10) was 1.21 versus 1.00 in sample 8 (Triora 7), which was chosen as the base sample.
In group 3 (WDPs of broad-use with moderate operational load) the IQI value of the developed WDPs (sample 11) was higher by 0.15 than sample 2 (Alpina interior, tested for years). The IQI value of the other samples was from 1.4 times lower (Dufa Mattlatex D100) till almost twice lower (Śnieźka Fresh White).
Ingroup 4 (WDPs for walls and ceilings with low operational load, economical) the IQI value of the developed WDP (sample 12) was 2.47 higher than sample 4 (Śnieźka Eco) as the baseline.
Conclusion. The WDPs integrated quality index is calculated by the level of operational properties of coatings, crucial for consumers, in different groups according to purpose and degree of operational load.
It is established that the determined IQI for the WDPs, developed by us, by the coatings performance properties within the scope of 1.13–2.47 depending on the type of WDPs and the group by purpose. These values are higher than for WDPs analogues presented on the Ukrainian market, which IQI ranges from 0.59 till 1.00.
The conducted research on the obtained data will allow consumers to reasonably choose of WDPs, which are sold on the market of Ukraine and are intended for internal protective and decorative purpose.

Keywords: water-dispersion paints (WDPs), coatings, quality, performance properties, integrated quality index. 

REFERENCES 

  1. Karavayev, T., Osyka, V., & Kolomiets, T. (2019). Water-Borne Coating Materials Already Dominate. European Coatings Journal. (Vol. 2), (pp. 18-20) [in English].
  2. Karavajev, T., Kaluga, N., & Sim’jachko, O. (2018). Struktura ta dynamika rynku lakofarbovyh materialiv v Ukrai'ni [Structure and dynamics of the market of paints and varnishes in Ukraine]. Mizhnarodnyj naukovo-praktychnyj zhurnal "Tovary i rynky" – International scientific and practical journal "Commoditiesand Markets", 1 (25), 75-88 [in Ukrainian].
  3. Karavajev, T. A. (2015). Vodno-dyspersijni farby: tovaroznavcha ocinka [Water-dispersion paints: commodity evaluation]. Kyi'v: Kyi'vs'kyj nacional'nyj torgovel'no-ekonomichnyj universytet [in Ukrainian].
  4. Karavajev, T., Kolomijec', T., & Sim’jachko, O. (2019). Vodno-dyspersijni farby: klasyfikacija ta asortyment [Water-dispersion paints: classification and assortment]. Mizhnarodnyj naukovo-praktychnyj zhurnal "Tovary i rynky" – International scientific and practical journal "Commoditiesand Markets", 2 (30), 52-63. DOI: 10.31617/ tr.knute.2019(30)05. [in Ukrainian].
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OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF GASOLINE WITH MULTIFUNCTIONAL ADDITIVES

Written by sveta on . Posted in 2019_04(32)

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UDC 665.633-02   DOI: https://doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2019(32)05
Nina MEREZHKO,
 
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3077-9636		   Doctor of Sciences (Technical), Professor, Head of the Department
of Commodity and Customs Affairs,
Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
19, Kyoto str., Kyiv, 02156, Ukraine
     
Valentyna TKАCHUK,
 
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5793-5227		   PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department
of Commodity Science and Expertise in Customs Affairs
at Lutsk National Technical University,
75, Lvivska str., Lutsk, Volyn region, Ukraine, 43000
     
Olena ZINCHENKO,
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. 		  Head of the Central Plant Laboratory of PJSC "Ukrtatnafta"
3, Svishtovska str., Kremenchuk, Poltava region, Ukraine, 39610
 
OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF GASOLINE WITH MULTIFUNCTIONAL ADDITIVES 

Background. Due to the increased environmental requirements for combustion products, increased load on the engine, speed, longevity of cars, requirements for the quality of gasoline are increasing.
During the production of modern motor gasoline such processes are involved as: catalytic reforming, isomerization, catalytic cracking and alkylation. Unfortunately, there are not many factories in Ukraine that could produce gasoline and diesel fuel that would meet the requirements of today. Improving the performance of such gasoline is achieved by the introduction of multifunctional additives. Some of them are discussed in the article.
The aim of the article is to investigate the influence of multifunctional additives of European manufacturers on the operational properties of gasoline of domestic production.
Materials and methods. The research used gasoline produced by Ukrtatnafta, the most popular brands A-95 and A-92, which meet the requirements of technical regulations and SSTU 7687: 2015.
Keropur® Energy (Basf, Germany) and Chimec EP Line (Chimec, Italy) synthetic additives were used to maintain cleanliness and purification of the fuel system to improve performance.
When adding additives to gasoline, the following parameters were investigated: efficiency of maintaining the purity of the intake system according to the standard method of SES F-05-A-93, suspension of the inlet valves – according to SES F-16-T-96, corrosion of steel – for ASTMD 665 A mod.
Results. When dosing of 600 mg/kg (ppm) of Keropur® Energy in A-95 gasoline, the metal surfaces of the intake valves remain virtually clean. The deposits on the valves average 9 mg/valve. Similar results were obtained for gasoline A-92. The optimum recommended dosage for Category 3 and 4 gasoline is 600 mg/kg.
In the study of Chimec EP Line additives it was found that at a dosage of 350 mg/kg of gasoline A-95 the amount of deposits is < 20 mg/kg, and at a dosage of 500 mg/kg the amount of deposits is < 10 mg/kg, which meets the requirements of the World Fuel Charter.
The Keropur® ENERGY additive package was tested for hang-ups of SES F-16-T-96 valves in A-95 gasoline at –18 °C at a dosage of 1200 mg/kg. Gasoline with the additive was uniquely tested, all cylinders were fully compressed.
Keropur® ENERGY and Chimec A-95 gasoline packs effectively prevented corrosion processes.
The use of additives to reduce the emission of harmful substances can significantly reduce the level of emissions of harmful substances in the exhaust gases – hydrocarbons, which are not burned (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), as well as to 4–5 % and reduce gasoline consumption respectively the evolution of carbon dioxide ("greenhouse") CO2.
Conclusion. The results of the studies testify to the efficient operation of the car engine, ensuring that the requirements of the Euro-5 standards are fulfilled when using Keropur® ENERGY and Chimec EP Line multifunctional additives.
The optimal consumption of Keropur® ENERGY and Chimec EP Line supplements is 600 and 550 mg/kg respectively. At the market price of Keropur® ENERGY 2920 €/t and Сhimec EP Line 3120 €/t, the increase in the cost of gasoline will be 1.752 and 1.716 €/t, respectively, which is justified, given the significant improvement in their performance.

Keywords: gasoline, additive, quality, operational properties, exhaust gas.  

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